Travelling Around the World Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jules Verne

In the nineteenth century, it seemed impossible to circumnavigate the world in only eighty days. That, however, was exactly what Phileas Fogg did in Jules Verne’s Around the World in Eighty Days. This novel follows the journey of the eccentric Englishman, Phileas Fogg, after he bet he could race around the world in eighty days. Accompanied by his faithful servant, Passepartout, and a scheming detective, Fix, he encountered many challenges he had to overcome in order to return in time to win the bet. In Around the World in Eighty Days, Jules Verne demonstrated how increased industrialization made a profound impact in travel, technology, and business. In addition, Verne shows how industrialization contributed to an increase of nationalism and European imperialism. Industrialization was an important movement of the nineteenth century. Industrialization was the process of turning an agricultural society into an industrialized one, based on the manufacturing of goods and services. This meant new technological innovation and economical development. Industrialization was important because it led to the development of new technologies and inventions that vastly improved life, such as the steam engine. It also helped to grow businesses by letting them expand their networks and reach consumers in more distant areas. Industrialization also made an impact on Fogg’s journey. Phileas Fogg’s journey was made possible by the growing industrialization of the time. One example of industrialization was the extensive use of trains in the novel. During the nineteenth century, nations all over the world built rail lines. For example, when Phileas Fogg reached India, the change from old forms of transportation to new industrialized ... ...rned with learning of the natives’ cultures. Like many European governments, he only cares that his country has obtained the land, but does not care about the people in it. Ultimately, imperialism had an extended reach throughout the world in the nineteenth century. In Around the World in Eighty Days, Jules Verne demonstrated how increased industrialization made a profound impact in travel, technology, and business. In addition, Verne shows how industrialization contributed to an increase of nationalism and European imperialism. Verne’s novel shows how industrialization, nationalism, and imperialism affected individuals. It also demonstrates how these themes interacted with each other, and how they influenced each other. Ultimately, Around the World in Eighty Days exhibits the important movements in the nineteenth century and their significance in history.

CACHE Early Years Education And Care Essay

1.1 and 1.2: Physical care needs for children in relation to nappy changing, would be keeping children clean and dry, by changing soiled nappies as soon as possible. Making sure to wear an apron and gloves, use the right sized nappy and by using the appropriate wipes and creams (if needed). Toilet training routine care needs would be asking children to go to the toilet at regular intervals. Learning to wipe, clean them selves up and to flush. Making sure they wash and dry their hands after use of toilet. Washing and bath time care needs would be to make sure water is not to hot or cold. Seeing that hands, face and body are thoroughly cleaned with appropriate soap and either sponge or flannel. Skin care would include making sure it is clean. Seeing that the right creams and ointments are used for cuts, sores and certain skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis etc). Having noses wiped, and tissues then being put into a bin and making sure coughs and sneezes are covered then washing hands af ter. Teeth care is to make sure that teeth are brushed at least twice a day with a suitable toothbrush and toothpaste that is appropriate for each age group and needs of each child. Hair care includes having hair washed with a suitable shampoo and conditioner ( if conditioner is needed). Having hair brushed everyday at least once. Making sure hair is cut and maintained regularly (checked for head lice etc). Mealtime care routines differ between ages of children. Babies would require temperature-controlled formula in a sterilised bottle around every 3-4 hours, with them being winded during and after each feed. Toddlers would require food easy to chew (blended or soft foods), at least 3 times a day with plenty of fluids in between. Young children would eat a variety of normal foods, and would learn how to eat with a fork, knife and spoon etc. They would be taught to wash hands before eating and to sit appropriately at a table. The children would be encouraged to ask for more should they want it and help themselves to pouring drinks etc. 1.3: Non- routine physical care would be required if a child was to have an accident, e.g. wet or soiled themselves, fall over or split something which  needed cleaning or clothes changing. Other non-routine care would be if a child was to become ill e.g. be sick, has an allergic reaction etc. 1.4: Benefits in working in partnership with parents/carers is the information received for each individual child and creates a good relationship which builds confidence for everyone.. Parents can learn from you and you can learn from parents. For example knowing which child has allergies or certain medical conditions. Which child takes medication or has behavioural issues. Also to find out if there are any cultural issues or language barriers. Children can be different at home/school therefore there is a need to work together to reduce this effect, by working together can help with synchronising routines, e.g. no good doing something one way at home and another way at setting. Having care plans set in place for each child and having all issues, needs and likings/dislikings for each child can be maintained and can continue at home during holidays, weekends etc. Good working partnership helps parents feel empowered and not excluded from treatment plans etc. Unit 1.3 Y/505/9283 Support physical care routines for children 2.1: Hygienic practice to sterilising equipment is to make sure ands and surface areas around sterilised equipment are washed. Then make sure all feeding and preparation equipment is washed in hot soapy water. Use bottle/teat brushes to clean and make sure all previous feed is removed from inside and outside of bottles/teats, then rinse all under tap once cleaned. If using a commercial steriliser then you would need to follow the manufactures instructions. If boiling then make sure all bottles, teats etc are fully submerged with no air bubbles. Cover and boil at least for 10mins. It is best to remove equipment. Hygienic practice for preparing formula feeds is to clean hands and all surfaces before preparation. It is best to make up feeds just before use. Use fresh boiled water and then leave to cool. Once cooled, use the exact amount of formula as instructed then re-assemble bottle. Shake bottle making sure everything well mixed. Holding under tap or put in container cool formula to right feeding temperature. Always check temperature of feed on the inside of wrist by squirting a few  drops, before giving it to baby. Always discard any left over feed after 2hours. 2.2: There are all varieties of formula milk, so they should be used in accordance to the needs of each child, as certain children may need a different formula to another child. Using the wrong formula, adding to much/little or not having the feed, at the right temp can affect the health of babies. If the feed has been left or stored to long it can cause the growth of bacteria. If the person or surrounding areas have not been washed/cleaned thoroughly that can also cause bacteria growth, and bacteria transfer onto sterilised equipment. If equipment has not been cleaned or sterilised properly then that can also cause bacteria to grow and not be eliminated. Unit 1.3 Y/505/9283 Support physical care routines for children 3.1: The role of an early years practitioner in relation to hand washing would be to make sure hands are washed thoroughly before preparing meals/snacks times and also afterwards. Hands should also be washed after changing and toileting. In relation to food hygiene hands must always be washed, then put on gloves and apron before handling/preparing foods. Food should stored in the correct tubs etc and at the right temperature. Food preparation areas should be cleaned thoroughly and different equipment should be used for different food types, to stop cross-contamination. Spillages should be cleaned up straight away to prevent accidents, staining and contamination etc, with the appropriate equipment (cloths, paper towels, mops). All waste should be disposed into the right bins, bags etc and then removed into an outdoor bin at the end of each day. When preparing foods, changing children, cleaning spillages and disposing of waste, an early years practitioner should always make sure hands have been washed before and after. They should always wear an apron and gloves where appropriate. Unit 1.3 Y/505/9283 Support physical care routines for children 5.1: Rest and sleep needs differ from each child and each age group. For  example a 6-week-old baby will usually require around 15-16 hours per day. Most of these would be during the night and baby would probably be having around 3-4 naps per day. At 6 weeks, a baby will more than likely still be waking for feeds during the night. At 7 months a baby would be falling into a sleep pattern of around 11 hours each night, with around 2 naps during the day consisting of around 1-2 hours each. Most 7 month olds would be sleeping through the night. When it comes to children of 15 months old, sleep patterns change again. Most 15 month olds will be sleeping through the night for around 13 hours. They will need 1 nap during the day or 2 quick rest naps. These sleep patterns will usually stay the same till around the age of 3 years. Sleep and rest patterns for children aged 4-5 years would be around 10-12 hours a night without day naps. By the age of 6-7 years children would have around 8-10 hours a night also without daytime naps. All children will rest and sleep better if they have the same routine nap an bedtime each day/night. The sooner a child gets into a routine the better it can be for them settling. 5.2: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden and unexplained death of a baby, where no cause is found. While SIDS is rare, it can still occur and there are steps parents and take to help reduce the risks. Things you can do would be to always place your baby on their back to sleep. Keep your baby smoke free during and after birth. Have covers no higher than baby’s shoulders and tuck them in. Have baby sleep in your room for the first 6 months in a cot, crib or moses basket. Use a firm, flat and waterproof mattress in good condition and place baby in â€Å"feet to foot† position. The things to avoid would be to never sleep in a chair or on a sofa with your baby. Don’t sleep in the same bed as your baby, if you smoke or have been drinking or taking drugs etc. Don’t let your baby get to hot or cold and don’t use loose coverings. Unit 1.3 Y/505/9283 Support physical care routines for children N1: 6.1: Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that can be very unpleasant and can sometimes lead to serious complications that can sometimes be fatal.  These include bacterial infection in the lungs (pneumonia) and the brain (encephalitis). Measles is caused by a virus spread in droplets and is very easy to be caught by those who have not been vaccinated. Typical symptoms of measles include fever, cough, conjunctivitis and a rash. Complications are even quite common in healthy people, and about 20% of reported measles cases experience one or more complication. Most people who are at risk of developing serious complications are babies younger than 12 months, children in poor health, teenagers and adults. 6.2: The first MMR vaccinations are usually given when your child is about 13 months old. A second is usually given before your child starts school. Adults and 6-13 month old children can also have the MMR vaccine if they are at risk of catching measles, if there is an outbreak of measles in your local area, or if you have been in close contact with someone who has measles. 6.3: There are parents who decide against having their children immunised, for a variety of reasons. For example some cultures or religions do not like or believe in having immunisations. Most go against immunisation because of a published document by a Dr Wakefield, claiming that the MMR vaccine is linked to Autism. Even though Dr Wakefield’s study were found to be faked, some parents still don’t want their children to receive the MMR vaccine. Unit 1.3 Y/505/9283 Support physical care routines for children 7.1: Supporting children in physical care routines in relation to toileting, would be to have potties and toilet seats. To encourage children to use the toilet and to wash, dry and flush after toilet use. Have posters or pictures cards of actions which the children could follow,(like 1,2,3 steps Wipe,Flush,Wash,Dry etc.) on the walls or cubicle doors. In relation to washing, all children are encouraged to wash and dry their hands after toilet use, before meals/snack times and after doing certain activities (painting, sticking etc). Mealtime children are encouraged to get their own plates, cups etc, to have their hands washed and an apron on. They are also encouraged to feed themselves with the use of cutlery (if of appropriate age). Unit 1.3 question answers, 1.1, 1.2 and 5.1 also relate to the above. Unit 2.1 K/505/9286 An introduction to the role of the early years practitioner 2.1: People communicate to express needs, emotions and to share ideas. They also communicate to express feelings and to socialise. You also need to communicate to share experiences and to ask questions or to complain about things. Communication is also good for helping others to understand things. People communicate to establish and maintain relationships with others. Communication also helps with receiving and giving instructions and for getting information. It helps to share opinions and give encouragement. There are different ways of communicating either orally, hand signing or even written. Looking at body language is also a use of communication. 2.2: Communication is essential for carer to meet the needs of each individual child and their families. Communicating clearly and openly with other members of staff, the manager so as to make sure that the best possible care is provided and that this is done so reliably. This will help build your relationship and trust with colleagues and develop your role and theirs within the workplace. It ensures any health and safety or any other issues are recognised and reported accordingly, keeping others informed of current situations. It is also vital so parents and agencies/professionals, can inform or instruct their needs and issues with the carer or establishment of a child. Communication between a practitioner and child, is essential to build the childs confidence and helps promote good behaviour. Being a positive role model in the setting is vital to bond relationships to interact with others, helping the child to settle better and have an effective developments in all areas. Having good communication with parents also helps build a successful relationship with their child which then helps parents begin to have confidence and trust in us, that we can take care of their child. It is very important to have good communication with other agencies like Social Workers, Speech and Language/Therapist or other professionals who are involved in providing and  dealing with all childrens needs, to work together as part of a team, with consistency in their work. This helps by each individual knowing where they stand and where they need to progress further in helping to meet the needs of each child and their families.

Is Regeneration an Anti-war Novel? Essay

â€Å"Opposition gives definition† said Heraclitus in 6th century BC (Graham). If that was true, in 21st century people are given â€Å"definition† by the usage of the prefix â€Å"anti-â€Å". Therefore, an â€Å"anti-war† novel is one, which opposes any form of aggressive competition. Regeneration by Pat Barker is one of the plentiful novels inspired by the atrocious events of the First World War. Barker’s book does not focus on depicting combats and stratagems. On the contrary, it portrays in detail the mental and physical consequences of the war. Regeneration is an â€Å"anti-war† novel, which touches upon the appalling harm done by warfare and the following recovery process. Barker condemns war and her negative attitude is displayed by her complex, credible characters and hard emphasis on consequences. Description of both mental and physical war injuries tags every chapter of the novel, thus provoking the reader’s sympathy. Barker aims to create a picture of the real circumstances during that period. Both by imaginary and real characters she succeeds in creating the solemn and discouraging mood in Craiglockheart. The introduction of the patients of the hospital (Prior, Anderson, Burns and Campbell) arises sympathy in the reader. Each of them has his own misfortune caused by war, which would probably mark his life forever. They would never be able to continue their ordinary lives and would have to get used to new habits. The tragic fates of these patients make the reader indeed sympathetic. Barker uses the fates of her character to express in a hidden voice her negative attitude towards the war, thus provoking â€Å"anti-war† feelings in the reader. In addition, Barker uses other very interesting techniques to represent the awful effects of war on human psychology – representation of nightmares, dreams and hallucinations. For example, such a moment is the imaginary meeting, which Sassoon has with his friend Orme in Chapter 13 from part two. Sassoon wakes up â€Å"to find Orme standing immediately inside the door†, but then â€Å"he remembered that Orme was dead† (Barker 143). This episode represents another aspect of the war effect – grief for all the lost friends, relatives and comrades. In that particular episode, Barker also implies the idea that Orme’s visitation is a wake-up call from the dead, delivered by one of them and reminding silently of what Sassoon is delicately trying to forget. With its emotional shade the scene once again makes the reader sympathetic. As a whole, the description of the damage caused to patients, both mental and physical, makes the reader sympathetic. That sympathy in turn, promotes another attitude – â€Å"anti-war† attitude. In the novel not only physical and mental injuries are depicted, but also social ones. The social conditions are curved by war. Society puts restrictions on the individual. Any form of protest is forbidden and all those who dare object are condemned – â€Å"‘conchies’, cowards, shirkers, scrimshankers and degenerates† (Barker 4). The novel begins with Sassoon’s bold Declaration. As the plot unfolds, it becomes evident that his ideas are entirely justified but rejected. The government pronounces him mentally ill and silences him in a mental hospital. By censuring Sassoon’s protest, the country prevents another upcoming remonstrance. Also, expression of sexuality is confined in the society. At that time homosexuals would not be accepted in the army. When Sassoon implies his homosexuality during one of his sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ances with Rivers, the doctor warns him. Even though Rivers really feels sympathy for Sassoon’s unfortunate situation in the prejudiced society, he tells him that he must face the reality he lives in. The doctor explains that society could become more accepting in the future, but it is not likely â€Å"that any movement towards greater tolerance would persist in wartime† (Barker 204). He implies that it is not possible for a single man to change the world and make it look from another angle. Rivers also states its time for Sassoon to grow up and start â€Å"living in the real world†, whether or not he agrees (Barker 205). The purpose of his words is to convince Sassoon that if he admits his sexuality this would worsen his present situation even more. Moreover, through Prior’s character another social restriction that is denounced – censorship. During wartime there is no privacy at all: â€Å"I censored it every week. We read all their letters†¦.† (Barker 131). Also, soldiers are never told if their letters have arrived. They are kept like prisoners on the front with their homes and loved ones far away. By depicting all of these social restrictions from the war time Barker maintains the â€Å"anti-war† mood throughout the novel. Furthermore, by the end of the novel Rivers’ convictions shift and he realizes how unjust the war is, how awful and long-lasting the consequences are, thus contributing to the peak of the reader’s anti-war certainty. The idea of unjust war is implied through River’s change. In the beginning his ultimate goal is to see all of his patients return to the front in good health, prepared to fight once again for their country. However, because of some events Rivers starts to question war’s justification and realizes that he sends his patients to an almost certain death. The culmination of his â€Å"anti-war† conviction is when he witnesses Burns’ dire condition: â€Å"Nothing justifies this. Nothing nothing nothing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barker 180). Furthermore, the doctor confirms his fears when he goes to observe Yealland’s methods. As he watches Callan’s treatment Rivers is horrified: â€Å"He couldn’t bare to go on watching. He looked down at the backs of his clasped hands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barker 232). After that episode Rivers considers the differences between himself and Yealland and for his horror realizes that they are the same. In Chapter 14 his thoughts are released: â€Å"Obviously he and Yealland were both in the business of controlling people. Each of them fitted young men back into role of warrior †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barker 238). At that point Rivers understands that instead of curing his patients he actually breaks them down. Even though his methods are less severe than Yealland’s, the effect is the same. To a certain extent Rivers is violating his patients’ rights because of war. All of these examples portray how Barker gradually, but effectively builds the â€Å"anti-war† suggestion in Regeneration. Barker’s novel Regeneration is an â€Å"anti-war† book because it provides a unique possibility to the contemporary reader to dive into the depths of a war that had irrevocable effects on soldiers’ mentality. The author’s personal attitude is expressed by her characters’ behavior and destiny in the society. She aims to remind people of what effects the war had on previous generations and warn them, so that the same mistake does not occur. Will it?

Types of Abuse/Signs & Symptoms

Types of Abuse/Signs & Symptoms ‘No Secrets' identifies categories of abuse. They are: Physical Abuse Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Hitting. Slapping. Pushing. Kicking. Misuse of medication. Restraint. Inappropriate sanctions. Series of unexplained falls or major injuries. Injuries/bruises at different stages of healing. Bruising in unusual sites e. g. inner arms, thighs. Abrasions. Teeth indentations. Injuries to head or face. Client very passive. Sexual Abuse Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Including rape and sexual assault or sexual acts to which the vulnerable adult has not consented, or could consent, or was pressured into onsenting. Change in behaviour. Overt sexual behaviour or language. Difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital and/or anal area. Neglect Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Includes acts of omission. Ignoring physical or medical care needs. Failure to provide access to appropriate health, social care or educational services. Withholding necessitie s of life e. g. medications, nutrition, heating. Absence of food, heat, hygiene, clothing, comfort. Preventing client to have access to services. Isolation. Absence of prescribed medication. Psychological Abuse Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Emotional abuse. Threats of harm or bandonment. Deprivation of contact. Humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, coercion, harassment, verbal abuse, isolation or withdrawal from services or supportive networks. Withdrawal, depression. Cowering and fearfulness. Change in sleep patterns. Agitation, confusion, change in behaviour. Change in appetite/weight. Financial Abuse Abuse Action Signs & Symptoms Theft, fraud, exploitation. Pressure in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions. Misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met. lack of cash on day to day basis. InstitutionalAbuse Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Poor care standards, lack of positive responses to complex needs. Rigid routines. Inadequate staffing. Insufficient knowledge base within service. Inability to make choices or decisions. Agitation if routine broken. Disorientation. Patterns of challenging behaviour- Discriminatory Abusive Action Signs & Symptoms Racist, sexist, or that based on a person's disability. Other forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment. Failure of agencies to ensure that staff receive adequate anti-discrimination practice training. Low self esteem. Withdrawal. Depression. Fear. Anger. Risk Indicators

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) Term Paper

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) - Term Paper Example Initiative of the government to construct bicycle-specific routes and improves on roads further increase opportunities for more bicycle manufacturing. Seasonal changes and weather effects may discourage people from purchasing bicycles. In addition, high cost for bicycle development presents a threat to the company. Low market demand of the bicycles because of cheaper substitutes is a threat. Moreover, laws that govern some geographical areas do not allow the use of bicycles in such areas thereby posing a threat to the national industry. Difficulties in estimating safety properties of the bicycles and complexity of the application to some uses are threats to the company. The industry’s financial stability position offers a major strength to the company. Availability of skilled and quality employees of the Japan bicycle industry is strength of the company. Moreover, production of quality bicycles gives the company a good reputation thus strengthening the company. In addition, manufacture of user-friendly bicycles that are not complicated to the rider further increase the sales of bicycles. Japan bicycle industry ensures that the bicycles do not pollute the environment. The research and development department of the industry conduct excellent research on the needs of consumers and innovations that enhance manufacture of quality bicycles. *The industry does not provide safety measures to cyclists that may result in unskillful cycling in young people and accidents. The bicycles can be easily broken because of structural weakness. Moreover, competition from other manufacturers is a weakness to the company. The inability of increasing the visibility in customers presents a major weakness. The main objective of Japan national industry is to make profit by ensuring the sale of quality bicycles to the consumers. Japan industry has developed sustainable and achievable methods to help maintain their competitiveness in the market. The

Impact of Guilds on Medieval Life Research Paper

Impact of Guilds on Medieval Life - Research Paper Example Guilds were the early associations of skilled workers that originated in the European countries – mostly, France, Germany, England and Italy – which had the written consent of the authority of their region to manage the workforce relevant to the requirements of job owners. Guilds had their advantages of working as collective union whereby ensuring employment opportunities to all the members with reasonable wages and social respect. They held high regards from the monarchs and clergymen for the unique knowledge they possessed for accomplishing the required merits at their desired fields of work. This essay focuses on the influence of guilds in industry, trade and economy across the world during the medieval period. Origin and Extend Guilds were probably the first organized group of individuals set for contributing money and effort towards a common goal in the history of mankind. They comprised the involvement of people from all walks of life which had the original root f rom the Anglo-Saxon civilization throughout Europe. According to Staley, as early as the period of Roman Empire, trade unions were formed with the association of men of similar age, interests, instincts and employment skills and trained for the purpose of the wellbeing and the moral guidance of the society (33). Early guilds were effectively trained by the trade schools for the military purposes and for the constructive requirements of kingdoms. Trained guilds were able to handle jobs in organized sectors, and most of them provided employment to individuals working from their homes. Organized activities of guilds had their influence greatly on the administrative sectors of revenue and merchandise in the early European economy. Since the ancient trade involved international transport of commodities, merchants had formed guilds that operated their business mainly through sea-routes. These trade gilds were the founders of sub-classes of business processes like wholesalers, retailers an d business agents in their domestic as well as international commerce. The foremost of all their achievements was the formation of colonies in foreign countries for the easy access to international business. A clear reference of the proceedings of the early merchant guilds focus the light to the centralized business management applications they employed in the international commerce. Some studies like that of Richardson show that these guilds had a strict regulation of a contractual relationship among members by which they were collectively responsible for the default of each member; and in case of the goods being forfeited at a foreign port for alleviating bad debts, the owner could claim for compensation from the actual defaulter at his home country. Craft guilds, on the other hand, focused on the promotion of particular trades and owned small work units that usually operated from home. Their basic segment of work related to conversion of agricultural commodities to consumable goo ds and their sales in the open market. Bakers, butchers and brewers were the most important category that held the profession in the consumer goods trade. More durable goods were the elements of manufacture guilds that produced goods and sold them in distant markets besides meeting the demands of the local buyers. Under the durable’

Collective Bargaining in US Professional Sports Research Paper

Collective Bargaining in US Professional Sports - Research Paper Example All the professional athletes employed under the NFL clubs and other clubs in the United States professional sports league are unionized to form a better bargaining power. This is in accordance with the requirement of the National Labor Relations Act that wants that any employer must unionize its employees in order to be able to bargain in good faith. The other terms and conditions of employment the bargain covers include division of league revenues, free agency requirements, players’ mobility restrictions, provisions regarding the drafting of players, disciplinary rules, among others. In this case, the employers are barred from making unilateral employment rules changes in regard to the issues required by the NLRA to be negotiated between the two parties-the employers and employees. Another issue that the National Labor Relations Board has found relevant to bargain about between the employers and the representative of the unionized employees are the drug policies that require testing. Therefore, for any setting or moderation of any drug policy, the union must bargain with the league. In this drug issue, it is reported that the NFL has a superior drug policy since it provides a comprehensive list of banned substances, keeps on testing players during the preseason, regular season, postseason and even during off-season, it gives the testing authority more discretion under the reasonable cause testing clause, applies beyond players to team personnel and provides harsher disciplinary to the violators of this policy.